immunology - cluster designation marker system

A brief word on immune cell populations defined by their cell surface molecules. The cluster designation (CD) system has been developed considerable over the last few years. The process begins with a researcher identifying a molecule on the cell surface of whatever type of immune cell (not just lymphocytes) that they are investigating. Once identified the new molecule is given a tentative label which begins "CDw". The "w" stands for "workshop" and indicates the label has not yet been confirmed. It may be that the researcher has found a cell surface molecule that someone else already found so a few years must lapse before the CDw label is changed to a true CD designation (confirmed by an international committee). Below is a list of a few of the more common designations you might come across. New molecules are added to the list each year.

CD antigen	Cellular expression	Functions	Other names
CD1a,b,c,d	Cortical thymocytes, Langerhans cells, Dendritic cells, B cells (CD1c), Intestinal epithelium, smooth muscle, blood vessels (CD1d)	MHC class I-like molecule, associated with b2-microglobulin. May have specialised role in presentation of lipid antigens
CD2	T cells, thymocytes, NK cells	Adhesion molecule, binding CD58 (LFA-3). Binds Lck intracellularly and activate T cells	T11, LFA-2
CD2R	Activated T cells	activation-dependent conformational form of CD2	T11-3
CD3	Thymocytes, T cells	Associated with the T cell antigen receptor. Required for cell surface expression of and signal transduction by TCR. Cytoplasmic domains contain ITAM motifs and bind cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases.	T3
CD4	Thymocyte subsets, helper and inflammatory T cells (about two thirds of peripheral T cells), monocytes, macrophages	Coreceptor for MHC class II molecules. Binds Lck on cytoplasmic face of membrane. Receptor for HIV-I and HIV-2 gp120.	T4, L3T4
CD5	Thymocytes, T cells, subset of B cells	Binds to CD72	T1, Ly1
CD6	Thymocytes, T cells, B cell CLL	unknown.	T12
CD7	Pluripotential hematopoietic cells, thymocytes, T cells	unknown, cytoplasmic domain binds PI-3 kinase on crosslinking. Marker for T cell ALL and pluripotential stem cell leukemias
CD8	Thymocyte subsets, cytotoxic T cells (about one third of peripheral T cells)	Coreceptor for MHC class I molecules. Binds lck on cytoplasmic face of membrane	T8, Lyt2,3
CD9	Pre-B cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, platelets, activated T cells, brain and peripheral nerves, vascular smooth muscle	mediates platelet aggregation and activation via FcgRIIa, may play a role in cell migration
CD10	B and T cell precursors, bone marrow stromal cells	zinc metalloproteinase, marker for pre B ALL	Neutral endopeptidase, Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA)
CD11a	lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages	aL subunit of integrin LFA-1 (associated with CD18) ; binds to CD54 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2 and ICAM-3	LFA-1
CD11b	myeloid and natural killer cells	aM subunit of integrin CR3 (associated with CD18) ; binds CD54, complement component iC3b and extracellular matrix proteins	Mac-1
CD11c	myeloid cells	aX subunit of integrin CR4 (associated with CD18) ; binds fibrinogen	CR4, p150, 95
CDw12	monocytes, granulocytes, platelets	unknown
CD13	myelomonocytic cells	zinc metalloproteinase	aminopeptidase N
CD14	myelomonocytic cells	receptor for complex of LPS and LPS binding protein (LBP)
CD15	neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes	branched pentasaccharide, expressed on glycolipids and many cell surface glycoproteins; the sialylated form is a ligand for CD62E (ELAM)	Lewsi-x (Lex)
CD16a	neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages	component of low affinity Fc receptor, FcgRIII, mediates phagocytosis, cytokine production and ADCC.	FcgRIII
CDw17	neutrophils, monocytes, platelets	lactosyl ceramide, a cell surface glycosphingolipid
CD18	Leukocytes	integrin b2 subunit, associates with CD11a,b and c.
CD19	B cells, follicular dendritic cells	forms complex with CD21 (CR2)and CD81 (TAPA-1); coreceptor for B cells - cytoplasmic domain binds cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases and PI-3 kinase.
CD20	B cells	Oligomers of CD20 may form a Ca2+ channel; possible role in regulating B cell activation
CD21	mature B cells, FDC	receptor for complement component C3d, EBV. With CD19 and CD81 forms coreceptor for B cells	CR2
CD22	mature B cells	Adhesion of B cells to monocytes, T cells	BL-CAM
CD23	mature B cells, activated macrophages, eosinophils, follicular dendritic cells, platelets	low affinity receptor for IgE, regulates IgE synthesis; ligand for CD19:CD21:CD81 coreceptor	FceRII
CD24	B cells, granulocytes	unknown	possible human homologue of mouse Heat Stable Antigen (HSA) or J11d.
CD25	activated T cells, B cells, monocytes	IL-2 receptor	Tac
CD26	Activated B and T cells, macrophages	Exopeptidase, cleaves N terminal X-Pro or X-Ala dipeptides from polypeptides.	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
CD27	Medullary thymocytes, T cells, NK cells and some B cells	binds CD70; can function as a costimulator for T and B cells
CD28	T cell subsets, activated B cells	Activation of naive T cells, receptor for costimulatory signal (signal 2) binds CD80 (B7-1) and B7-2	Tp44
CD29	Leukocytes	Integrin b1 subunit, associates with CD49a in VLA-1 integrin
CD30	Activated T, B and NK cells, monocytes	Binds CD30L; crosslinking CD30 enhances proliferation of B and T cells	Ki-1
CD31	monocytes, platelets, granulocytes, T cell subsets, endothelial cells	Adhesion molecule, mediating both leukocyte/endothelial and endothelial/endothelial interactions	PECAM-1
CDw32	Monocytes, granulocytes, B cells eosinophils	low affinity Fc receptor for aggregated Ig/immune complexes	FcgRII
CD33	myeloid progenitor cells, monocytes	unknown
CD34	hematopoietic precursors, capillary endothelium	Ligand for CD62 (L-selectin)
CD35	Erythrocytes, B cells, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, FDC	Complement receptor 1, binds C3B and C4b, mediates phagocytosis	CR1
CD36	platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells	platelet adhesion molecule; involved in recognition and phagocytosis of apoptosed cells	platelet GPIV, GPIIIb
CD37	mature B cells, mature T cells, myeloid cells	unknown, may be involved in signal transduction; forms complexes with CD53, CD81, CD82 and MHC class II.
CD38	early B and T cells, activated T cells, germinal centre B cells, plasma cells	NAD glycohydrolase, augments B cell proliferation	T10
CD39	activated B cells, activated NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells	unknown, may mediate adhesion of B cells
CD40	B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, basal epithelial cells	binds CD40L ; receptor for costimulatory signal for B cells, promotes growth, differentiation and isotype switching of B cells, cytokine production by macrophages and dendritic cells
CD41	platelets, megakaryocytes	aIIb integrin, associates with CD61 to form GPIIb, binds fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor and thrombospondin	GPIIb
CD42a,b,c,d	platelets, megakaryocytes	binds von Willebrand factor, thrombin; essential for platelet adhesion at sites of injury	a: GPIX b: GPIba C: GPIbb d: GPV
CD43	leukocytes, except resting B cells	binds CD54 (ICAM-1) has extended structure, approx 45nm long and may be anti-adhesive	leukosialin, sialophorin
CD44	leukocytes, erythrocytes	binds hyaluronic acid, mediates adhesion of leukocytes	Hermes antigen, Pgp-1
CD45	all hematopoietic cells	tyrosine phosphatase, augments signalling through antigen receptor of B and T cells, multiple isoforms result from alternative splicing (see below)	Leukocyte common antigen (LCA), T200, B220
CD45RO	T cell subsets, B cell subsets, monocytes, macrophages	isoform of CD45 containing none of the A, B and C exons
CD45RA	B cells, T cell subsets (naive T cells) monocytes	isoforms of CD45 containing the A exon
CD45RB	T cell subsets, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes	isoforms of CD45 containing the B exon	T200
CD46	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic nucleated cells	membrane cofactor protein, binds to C3b and C4b to permit their degradation by Factor I	MCP
CD47	all cells	unknown, associated with Rh blood group
CD48	leukocytes	unknown	Blast-1
CD49a	activated T cells, monocytes, neuronal cells, smooth muscle	a1 integrin, associates with CD29, binds collagen, laminin-1	VLA-1
CD49b	B cells, monocyte, platelets, megakaryocytes, neuronal, epithelial and endothelial cells, osteoclasts	a2 integrin, associates with CD29, binds collagen, laminin	VLA-2, platelet GPIa
CD49c	B cells, many adherent cells	a3 integrin, associates with CD29, bindslaminin-5, fibronectin, collagen, entactin, invasin	VLA-3
CD49d	Broad distribution includes B cells, thymocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells	a4 integrin, associates with CD29, binds fibronectin, MadCAM-1, VCAM-1	VLA-4
CD49e	Broad distribution includes memory T cells, monocytes, platelets	a5 integrin, associates with CD29, binds fibronectin, invasin	VLA-5
CD49f	T lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, megakaryocyes, trophoblast	a6integrin, associates with CD29, binds laminins, invasin, merosin	VLA-6
CD50	thymocytes, T cells, B cells,monocytes, granulocytes	Binds integrin CD11a/CD18	ICAM-3
CD51	platelets, megakaryocytes	av integrin, associates with CD61, binds vitronectin, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen and thrombospondin; may be receptor for apoptotic cells	vitronectin receptor
CD52	thymocytes, T cells, B cells (not plasma cells), monocytes, granulocytes, spermatozoa	unknown, target for antibodies used therapeutically to deplete T cells from bone marrow	CAMPATH-1 HE5
CD53	leukocytes	unknown	MRC OX44
CD54	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells	InterCellular Adhesion Molecule, (ICAM)-1 binds CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) integrins, receptor for rhinovirus	ICAM-1
CD55	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells	Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF), binds C3b, disassembles C3/C5 convertase	DAF
CD56	NK cells	isoform of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM), adhesion molecule	NKH-1
CD57	NK cells subsets of T cells, B cells and monocytes	oligosaccharide, found on many cell surface glycoproteins	HNK-1, Leu-7
CD58	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells	Leukocyte Function-associated Antigen-3 (LFA-3), binds CD2, adhesion molecule	LFA-3
CD59	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells	binds comlement components C8 and C9, blocks assembly of membrane attack complex	Protectin, Mac inhibitor
CDw60	T cell subsets, platelets, monocytes	9-O-acetylated disialoyl group present on gangliosides, predominantly ganglioside D3
CD61	platelets, megakaryocytes, macrophages	integrin b3 subunit, associates with CD41 (GPIIb/IIIa) or CD51 (vitronectin receptor)
CD62E	endothelium	endothelium leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM), bindssialyl-Lewis x, mediates rolling interaction of neutrophils on endothelium	ELAM-1, E-selectin
CD62L	B cells, T cells, monocytes, NK cells	leukocyte adhesion molecule (LAM), binds CD34, GlyCAM, mediates rolling interactions with endothelium	LAM-1, L-selectin, LECAM-1
CD62P	platelets, megakaryocytes, endothelium	adhesion molecule, binds PSGL-1, mediates interaction of platelets with endothelial cells, monocytes and rolling interaction of leukocytes on endothelium	P-selectin, PADGEM
CD63	activated platelets, monocytes, macrophages	unknown, is lysosomal membrane protein translocated to cell surface after activation	platelet activation antigen
CD64	monocytes, macrophages	high affinity receptor for IgG, binds IgG3>IgG1>IgG4>>>IgG2, mediates phagocytosis, antigen capture, ADCC	FcgRI
CD65	myeloid cells	oligosaccharide component of a ceramide dodecasaccharide
CD66a	neutrophils	unknown, member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family (see below)	biliary glycoprotein-1 (BGP-1)
CD66b	granulocytes	unknown, member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family	previously CD67
CD66c	neutrophils, colon carcinoma	unknown, member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family	Nonspecific Crossreacting Antigen (NCA)
CD66d	neutrophils	unknown, member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family
CD66e	adult colon epithelium, colon carcinoma	unknown, member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family	CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen (CEA)
CD68	monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, large lymphocytes	unknown	macrosialin
CD69	activated B cells, activated T cells, activated macrophages, activated NK cells	unknown, early activation antigen	Activation Inducer Molecule (AIM)
CD70	activated B cells, activated T cells, macrophages	Ligand for CD27, may function in co-stimulation of B and T cells	Ki-24
CD71	All proliferating cells, hence activated leukocytes	transferrin receptor	T9
CD72	B cells (not plasma cells)	unknown, ligand for CD5	Lyb-2
CD73	B cell subsets, T cell subsets	ecto-5Õ-nucleotidase, dephosphorylates nucleotides to allow nucleoside uptake
CD74	B cells, macrophages, monocytes, MHC class II positive cells	MHC class II associated Invariant chain	Ii, Ig
CD75	mature B cells, T cell subsets	sialoglycan moiety, ligand for CD22, mediates B cell/B cell adhesion
CD76	mature B cells, T cell subsets	a 2,6 sialylated polylactosamine expressed on glycosphingolilpids and glycoproteins
CD77	germinal center B cells	Neutral glycosphingolipid (Gala1®4Galb1®4Glcb1®ceramide), binds Shiga toxin, Crosslinking induces apoptosis	Globotriaocylceramide (Gb3), Pk blood group
Cdw78	B cells	unknown	Ba
CD79a,b	B cells	components of B cell antigen receptor analogous to CD3, required for cell surface expression and signal transduction	Iga, Igb
CD80	B cell subset	costimulator, ligand for CD28 and CTLA-4	B7 (now B7-1), BB1
CD81	lymphocytes	associates with CD19, CD21 to form B cell coreceptor	Target of AntiProliferative Antibody (TAPA-1)
CD82	leukocytes	unknown	R2
CD83	Activated B cells, activated T cells, circulating dendritic cells (veil cells)		HB15
CDw84	monocytes, platelets, circulating B cells		GR6
CD85	monocytes, circulating B cells		GR4
CD86	monocytes, activated B cells, dendritic cells	Ligand for CD28 and CTLA4	B7.2
CD87	granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, T cells, NK cells, wide variety of nonhematopioetic cell types	Receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator	uPAR
CD88	polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, mast cells	Receptor for complement component C5a	C5aR
CD89	monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, neutrophils, B cell subsets, T cell subsets	IgA receptor	FcaR
CD90	CD34+ prothymocytes (human) thymocytes, T cells (mouse)	unknown	Thy-1
CD91	monocytes, many nonhematopoietic cells	a2 macroglobulin receptor
CDw92	neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, endothelium		GR9
CD93	neutrophils, monocytes, endothelium		GR11
CD94	T cell subsets, NK cells		KP43
CD95	wide variety of cell lines in vivodistribution uncertain	binds TNF-like ligand, induces apoptosis	Apo-1, Fas
CD96	activated T cells, NK cells		T cell ACTivation Increased Late Expression (TACTILE)
CD97	activated B and T cells, monocytes, granulocytes	Binds CD55	GR1
CD98	T cells, B cells, NK cells, granulocytes, all human cell lines	may be amino acid transporter	4F2, FRP-1
CD99	Peripheral blood lymphocytes, thymocytes	unknown	MIC2, E2
CD100	Hematopoietic cells	unknown	GR3
CD101	monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, activated T cells	unknown	V7, BPC#4
CD102	Resting lymphocytes, monocytes, vascular endothelial cells (strongest)	binds CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) but not CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)	ICAM-2
CD103	Intraepithelial lymphocytes, 2-6% of peripheral blood lymphocytes	aE integrin	HML-1, a6,aE integrin
CD104	CD4-CD8- thymocytes, neuronal, epithelial and some endothelial cells, Schwann cells, trophoblasts	integrin b4, associates with CD49f, binds laminins	b4 integrin
CD105	Endothelial cells, activated monocytes and macrophages, bone marrow cell subsets	Binds TGFb	Endoglin
CD106	Endothelial cells	Adhesion Molecule, ligand for VLA-4	VCAM-1
CD107a	Activated platelets, activated T cells, activated neutrophils, activated endothelium	Unknown, is lysosomal protein translocated to the cell surface after activation	Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein-1 (LAMP-1)
CD107b	Activated platelets, activated T cells, activated neutrophils, activated endothelium	Unknown, is lysosomal protein translocated to the cell surface after activation	LAMP-2
CDw108	Erythrocytes, circulating lymphocytes, lymphoblasts	unknown	GR2, John-Milton-Hagen blood group antigen
CD109	Activated T cells, activated platelets, vascular endothelium	unknown	Platelet activation factor, GR56
CD114	Granulocytes, monocytes	Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor	G-CSFR
CD115	monocytes, macrophages	Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) receptor	M-CSFR, c-fms
CD116	monocytes, neutrophils,eosinophils, endothelium	Granulocyte, Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) receptor a chain	GM-CSFRa
CD117	hematopoietic progenitors	Stem Cell Factor (SCF) receptor	c-kit
CD118	Broadly expressed	Interferon a, b receptor	IFNa,bR
CD119	marophages, monocytes, B cells, endothelium	Interferon g receptor	IFNgR
CD120a	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, highest on epithelial cells	TNF receptor, binds both TNFa and TNFb	TNFR-I
CD120b	hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, highest on myeloid cells	TNF receptor, binds both TNFa and TNFb	TNFR-II
CD121a	thymocytes ,T cells	type I interleukin 1 receptor, binds IL-1a and IL-1b	IL-1R type I
CDw121b	B cells, macrophages, monocytes	type II interleukin 1 receptor, binds IL-1a and IL-1b	IL-1R, ytpe II
CD122	Natural Killer cells, resting T cell subsets, some B cell lines	IL-2 receptor b chain	IL-2Rb
CD123	Bone marrow stem cells, granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes	IL-3 receptor a chain	IL-3R
CD124	Mature B and T cells, hematopoietic precursor cells	IL-4 receptor	IL-4R
CD125	Eosinophils, basophils, activated B cells	IL-5 receptor	IL-5R
CD126	Activated B cells and plasma cells, weak on most other leukocytes	IL-6 receptor a subunit	IL-6R
CD127	Bone marrow lymphoid precursors, pro-B cells, mature T cells, monocytes	IL-7 receptor	IL-7R
CD128	Neutrophils, basophils, T cell subsets	IL-8 receptor	IL-8R
CD129	Not yet assigned
CD130	Most cell types, strong on activated B cells and plasma cells	common subunit of IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin-M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptors	IL-6Rb, IL-11Rb, OSMRb, LIFRb
CD131	Myeloid progenitors, granulocytes	common b subunit of IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF receptors	IL-3Rb, IL-5Rb, GM-CSFRb
CD132	B cells, T cells, NK cells, mast cells and neutrophils	IL-2 receptor g chain, common subunit of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 receptors
CD134	activated T cells	may act as adhesion molecule, costimulator	OX40
CD135	Multipotential precursors, myelomonocytic and B cell progenitors	growth factor receptor	FLK2, STK-1
CDw136	Monocytes, epithelial cells, central and peripheral nervous system	chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cell growth and differentiation	MSP-R, RON
CDw137	T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, some epithelial cells	costimulator of T cell proliferation	ILA (Induced by Lymphocyte Activation), 4-1BB
CD138	B cells	heparan sulphate proteoglycan, binds collagen type I	Syndecan-1
CD139	B cells	unknown
CD140a,b	Stromal and some endothelial cells	Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor alpha and beta chains	PDGFR
CD141	Vascular endothelial cells,	Anticoagulant, binds thrombin, the complex then activating protein C	Thrombomodulin, Fetomodulin
CD142	Epidemal keratinocytes, various epithelial cells, astrocytes, Schwann cells. Absent from cells in direct contact with plasma unless induced by inflammatory mediators	Major initiating factor of clotting. Binds Factor VIIa ; this complex activates Factors VII, IX and X	Tissue Factor, thromboplastin
CD143	Endothelial cells, except large blood vessels and kidney, epithelial cells of brush borders of kidney and small intestine, neuronal cells, activated macrophages and some T cells. Soluble form in plasma.	Zn2+ metallopeptidase, dipeptidyl pedtidase, cleaves angiotensin I and bradykinin from precursor forms	Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
CD144	Endothelial cells	Adhesion molecule, organises adherens junctions between endothelial cells	VE-cadherin
CD145	Epithelial and some stromal cells	Unknown
CD146	Endothelium	potential adhesion molecule, localised at cell cell junctions	MCAM, MUC18,S-ENDO
CD147	leukocytes, red blood cells, platelets, endothelial cells	potential adhesion molecule	M6, neurothelin, EMMPRIN, basigin, OX-47
CD148	granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, fibroblasts, nerve cells	contact inhibition of cell growth	HPTPh
CD151	platelets, megakaryocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells	associates with b1 integrins	PETA-3, SFA-1
CD152	Activated T cells	Ligand for B7.1 (CD80), B7.2 (CD86); negative regulatior of T cell activation	CTLA4
CD153	Activated T cells, activated macrophages, neutrophils, B cells	Ligand for CD30, may costimulate T cells	CD30L
CD154	Activated CD4 T cells	Ligand for CD40, inducer of B cell proliferation and activation	CD40L, TRAP, T-BAM, gp39
CD155	Monocytes, macrophages, thymocytes, CNS neurons	normal function unknown; receptor for poliovirus	Poliovirus receptor
CD156	neutrophils, monocytes	unknown, may be involved in leukocyte extravasation	MS2, ADAM 8 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease)
CD157	Granulocytes, monocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, vascular endothelial cells, follicular dendritic cells	ADP-ribosyl cyclase, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase	BST-1
CD158a	NK cell subsets	Inhibits NK cell cytotoxicity on binding MHC class I molecules	p50.1, p58.1
CD158b	NK cell subsets	Inhibits NK cell cytotoxixity on binding HLA-Cw3 and related alleles	p50.2, p58.2
CD161	NK cells, T cells	Regulates NK cytotoxicity	NKRP1
CD163	monocytes, macrophages	unknown	M130
CD166	Activated T cells, thymic epithelium, fibroblasts,neurons,.	ligand for CD6, involved in neurite extension	ALCAM, BEN, DM-GRASP, SC-1

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